Entre epistemologías y transformaciones Sociales: La construcción de la teoría crítica de la discapacidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58210/fprc3577Palabras clave:
Teoría crítica de la discapacidad, Persona con discapacidad, Derechos humanos, Teoría socialResumen
La reciente aparición de la "teoría crítica de la discapacidad" corresponde a un resultado directo de las contribuciones de la Escuela de Frankfurt en el siglo pasado. Surge como un modelo interpretativo adecuado para las experiencias de las personas con discapacidad, utilizando elementos políticos, culturales y sociales como referencias. Este paradigma teórico tiene como objetivo identificar las contradicciones existentes en la lectura tradicional del concepto de discapacidad, rompiendo con los criterios de normalidad y los procesos de patologización de las discapacidades. En este trabajo, presento los supuestos teóricos que sustentan la idea de "teoría crítica de la discapacidad" en la literatura más reciente en Ciencias Sociales y Derecho, buscando identificar su potencial para superar las insuficiencias de la(s) teoría(s) tradicional(es) de la discapacidad. Me apoyo tanto en teóricos desde una perspectiva feminista contemporánea que buscan mapear las interlocuciones entre la discapacidad y la exclusión social como en los teóricos que desarrollaron la idea de un "paradigma social de la discapacidad". Uno de los principales enfoques de la teoría crítica de la discapacidad es proporcionar interpretaciones comprensivas sobre el fenómeno de la discapacidad, favoreciendo la construcción de nuevos modelos constructivos de conceptos y derechos.
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