Revista Inclusiones

CHALLENGES OF CONTEMPORARY COMPANIESAND THE CONCEPT OF "HEROIC LEADERSHIP"

2020-12-16T14:47:47+00:00

Modern companies face new challenges in terms of how to manage and define expectations for their employees. Socio-economic changes cause that the employees are expected not only to have specialist knowledge of their job, but also to be willing to take responsibility, make decisions or participate in decision-making process, independent creation of solutions and self-control. The structures of companies are becoming more and more flat, which means that the roles of employees' self-management skills and cooperation between them are increasing. How to create a work environment so that people are ready to meet these expectations? What rules to follow so that the hired employee is personally involved in achieving the company's goals? This article presents the concept of "heroic leadership" based on four principles, which were shaped and implemented by members of the Society of Jesus for almost 500 years. This leadership model stands in opposition to those based on the concept of "one big man". It assumes that everyone can be a leader. The role of Jesuit"managers" was to equip the team members with such skills that they would know what to do to ensure that everyone achieves "high goals".

REGLA FISCAL DE GASTO COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA LA SOSTENIBILIDAD FISCAL EN ECUADOR

2020-12-16T15:08:53+00:00

El artículo analiza una regla de gasto que incorpora elementos de aversión que tienen los formuladores de la política fiscal, un análisis importante para el caso ecuatoriano, se plantea reducir el sesgo procíclico y tener un vínculo con la sostenibilidad a partir de la introducción del freno de la deuda, adicionalmente, se incluye un elemento para proteger el gasto no permanente. En los resultados, la regla de gasto estabiliza el gasto público como porcentaje del PIB, mencionando que la veracidad depende del dinamismo de los supuestos iniciales y la decisión de la autoridad. Finalmente, la protección de la inversión depende de los niveles óptimos de gasto no permanente en relación al gasto total según las necesidades de desarrollo del país.

GLOBALIZACIÓN Y DERECHOS HUMANOS: ANÁLISIS DE SU REPRESENTACIÓN MEDIÁTICA EN AMÉRICA LATINA DURANTE EL PERÍODO 2009-2018

2020-12-16T15:13:27+00:00

Este trabajo realiza un análisis cuantitativo de la presencia concurrente de los términos “globalización” y “derechos humanos” en la prensa de los países de América Latina, en noticias, reportajes y artículos de opinión, entre otros, para el período 2009-2018. El estudio se ha realizado a partir de la explotación de los datos ofrecidos por la herramienta Factiva®, propiedad de Dow Jones & Company, una base de datos mundial que ofrece resultados relevantes procedentes de más de 33.000 medios de prensa de todo el mundo. Las evidencias halladas sugieren diferencias relevantes en la representación mediática que logran la globalización y los derechos humanos en la prensa de cada país, relacionándose estas diferencias con características específicas relacionadas con el desarrollo económico, la inequidad o la calidad institucional.

MODERN DIGITAL DISTANCE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES: CHALLENGES OF FUTURE TEACHER TRAINING

2020-12-16T15:20:12+00:00

The article deals with the problem of using digital distance learning technologies, intensified in the current situation because of the coronavirus pandemic.Today's societal challenges require teachers with innovative thinking, the ability to adapt to different professional conditions, the ability to respond to innovations and use them in digital communication with students online.There is a necessity to train future teachers to use digital technologies and tools in the educational process. The article presents the results of an empirical study of this problem.The survey method revealed the state of the outlined problem in educational practice, secondary school teachers’ and university educators’ understanding of problems and challenges regarding the usage of digital resources and distance learning tools.The sample included different age categories of respondents: Boomer Generation, Generation X and Millenials (Generation Y). It was found that respondents have difficulties in using didactic knowledge in distance learning (36.4%),creation of moral and psychological comfort (36.4%), organization and stimulation of activity (25.5%) and effective online communication (21.8%).It wasrevealed that in the conditions of the pandemic a significant part of practitioner-teachers (53.8%) faced the problem of insufficient technical support of the educational institution;17.3% of respondents are dissatisfied with the level of their digital literacy and are looking for ways to increase professional competence in this area. The authors of the article proposedigital tools and applications for distance learning, as well as outline ways to prepare teachers for the effective use of digital learning technologies. Organizational forms of distance learning are presented, such as: online courses, online counseling, hackathons, webinars, online trainings, interactive educational platforms, virtual / remote laboratories, as well as visits to international science museums and virtual technology parks, creation of communication platforms taking into account scientific interests, etc.

INDIVIDUAL EDUCATIONAL PATH BASED ON LEARNING STYLES THEORY AS A WAY TO REACH SUSTAINABLE QUALITY EDUCATION GOALS

2020-12-16T15:29:22+00:00

Following the goals of sustainable development in the sphere of teaching professionally oriented foreign languages, the paper presents the results of the long term research aimed at collecting data about particularities of students representing different generations necessary for changing the system of professionally oriented foreign language teaching in non-linguistic technical universities in order to increase the efficiency of teaching specialists using a foreign language in professional activities and reach the aim of quality education for future generations. The research was carried out twice in 2012 and in 2019 on the basis of Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory. The paper analyses the difference in learning styles of two generations of students showing the difference explained by constantly changing social environment. The collected data proved the necessity of changing the training contents and training approaches, introducing technologies and promoting learners autonomy. Often student-oriented approach is understood as a possibility of choosing teaching materials depending on the level of proficiency; we offered an approach of choose teaching “tools” depending on individual characteristics of every student to reach the most efficient resultswithin the student’s personal educational pathway.

THE “SILENT” WAR FOR FUTURE OF THE TOURISM & TRAVEL INDUSTRY, THE COMPETITION OF THE ARTIFICIAL VERSUS THE NATURAL INTELLIGENCE

2020-12-16T15:34:18+00:00

Annually, the tour industry increases its income, and with that comes up a main objective which interests everyone -the human resources problem. The competitive environment puts everyone up in front of need for actions of satisfying the primar necessitiesof the common user. All kinds of industries and economical sectors are paying attention to the IT management, which is in hyper dynamic bloom. They keep coming with innovations that to the common human nature still seem like science fiction. The automotation was the creation of the 20th century, which has transformed into daily routine to us, and the roboticization is the creation of the 21st century –artificial intelligence is already a fact. The science is exponentially developing, and now there is a visible threat in the face od the human labor.

FACTORS OF EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERROR PHOBIA AMONG SOUTHERN UKRAINE’S URBAN RESIDENTS

2020-12-16T15:37:27+00:00

The purpose of the paper is to consider the main factors of the emergence and development of the fear of a terrorist attack, terror phobia, among Southern Ukraine’s urban residents. The authors emphasize that terrorist attacks have a destabilizing effect on individuals and societies as a whole, because they generate a space of fear, despair, and panic. Modern terrorism is seen as a phenomenon that creates a catastrophic threat not only to universal civilizational values –freedom, democracy, and security, but also to a sustainable lifestyle in a particular locality. Terrorism has become an integral attribute of modern planetary existence, a punishment for modern humanity, a kind of tribute to the altar of the new world order, a tragic fragment of the socio-political picture of the world, in which it is increasingly difficult to see the outlines of a new order or new chaos. The city of Kherson was chosen to be the research area as it is the centre of the region that borders the Russian-annexed Crimea and is geographically close to the combat zone in Eastern Ukraine. The location like that makes it topical to study the city’s population’s level of terror phobia, associated with the threat of being affected by a terrorist attack, perceived as a potential danger. The provisions put forward in the article are specified on the data of socio-empirical analysis of the individual components of Southern Ukraine’s terror sphere under the current circumstances.

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS LEVEL IN MONGOLIAN PEOPLE QUARANTINED DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK

2020-12-16T15:41:59+00:00

The WHO has identified Mongolia as one of the countries with the highest risk of infection. All registered cases of coronavirus infection in Mongolia were imported from abroad. In Mongolia, all visitors who entered from countries with foci of COVID-19 infection were assigned 21-days of quarantine. Our principal aim was to investigate the stress levels in people who are in quarantine of COVID-19 infection using a PSM-25 scale. Our secondary aim was to determine the needs of respondents for psychological assistance. Methods: The 130 respondents of the study, who crossed the Mongolian border and were in 21 days quarantine during COVID-19 infection, were asked to fill out the psychological stress scale (PSM-25).The assessment of the internal consistency of the original stigma questionnaire was performed by using Cronbach's α=0.71. When we assessed the stress levels, the respondents identified with 42.9% low, 53.7% averge and 10.7% high stress levels. The study determined that the most urgent, frequently repeated psychological questions among the respondents are 47.6%, feeling of anxiety 33.1%, insomnia 22.3% emotional imbalance, impaired attention concentration, feeling of loneliness and 6.9% constant anxiety.The 10.7% ofthe quarantined respondents during COVID-19 infection in Darkhan have a high stress level. To overcome these problems, relieve stress and create a feeling of comfortability, people in quarantine need psychological care.

INNOVATIONS IN PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY OF HIGHER SCHOOLS

2020-12-16T15:50:45+00:00

The article deals with the actual current task of pedagogical activity - innovations in educational
process. The article represents reviews of the research and works on the subject by other authors
and definitions of the main concepts concerning the subject, and points out the main reasons
stimulating professors and teachers of the higher schools to innovations. Having analyzed the
scientific works on the subject, the author indicated innovative features of higher school
pedagogics. The author represents the results of the research on readiness of the staff of Moscow
Aviation Institute (National Research University) to introduce innovations in practice. Factors
influencing the process of innovation such as: major advantages of innovative pedagogics from the
point of view of pedagogical staff of higher schools, readiness of the teachers to master
innovations, barriers to master innovations, awareness of the managers to accept innovations,
branchers of literature devoted to innovative pedagogical technologies and their realization were also studied.

MIND MAPS AS A MEANS OF VISUALIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL TASKS

2020-12-16T15:54:02+00:00

The article deals with the problem of usage of means and methods of information presentation, which give possibility to visualize it effectively for further comprehension and structuring. The methodology of creating mind maps, criteria of their effective application in educational process are proved. As a part of experiment, the impact of the mind maps method on the results in education is studies. In this respect three spheres of educational tasks (according to B. Bloom): cognitive, affective and psychomotor are taken in consideration. The results of the investigation showed positive changes in educational results and effectiveness in the application of mind maps both of a traditional type and as a digital app.

PERSONAL INCOME TAXES IN BULGARIA, HUNGARY AND ROMANIA:A BUSINESS CYCLE PERSPECTIVE

2020-12-16T15:57:27+00:00

Employing quarterly seasonally adjusted Eurostat data for the period 1995-2020, the Hodrick-Prescott filter and the correlations between the output gap and the changes in the trend shares and the cyclical shares of total income tax revenue in GDP, this paper attempts to compare the cyclical impact of progressive and proportional income taxes in Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania. The research results imply that in Hungary discretionary and automatic changes in income tax revenue are countercyclical under both progressive and proportional taxation but income tax discretion and automatic stabilizers are more effective under progressive taxation. In Bulgaria discretionary and automatic changes in income tax revenue are procyclical under proportional taxation and countercyclical under progressive taxation. In Romania, discretionary changes in income tax revenue are procyclical under both progressive and proportional taxation but automatic changes in income tax revenue exacerbate cyclical fluctuations under proportional taxation and mitigate business cycle volatility under progressive taxation. It may be inferred that in all three analyzed countries, the efficiency of income tax discretion and automatic stabilizers under progressive taxation is higher than under proportional taxation. From a business cycle standpoint, it is advisable that Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania switch from proportional to progressive income taxation.

VULNERABILITY AND DISCRIMINATION UNDER BULGARIAN CONDITIONS: SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS

2020-12-16T15:59:58+00:00

The article considers vulnerability and discrimination, its state and factors for itsexistence throughidentifying and profiling the groups affected in the areas of healthcare, workplace, working conditions, social inclusion, equal opportunitie; and outlining the conditions that create different forms of discrimination. In the paper is presented the thesis that vulnerability is a prerequisite for discrimination because people at risk are in the situation of unequal treatment in society. The main features of social vulnerability and discrimination are related to the deficits in training andwork patterns; in the modification of employment contracts and forms of recruitment, as well as in the social inclusion.The article is based on the carried out In 2017 a national representative survey “Identifying and making profiles of groups and communities most affected by the risk of discrimination" in the implementation of Action 1 of the project "Prevention of discrimination and creating equal opportunities "BG05M9OP0013.003-0001-C001"“ with team leader prof.Valentina Milenkova.The sample included3600 individuals in the 18+ age group, and by collecting and analyzing representative national and regional (NUTS 2) empirical data.The main results show that the following groups are vulnerable and at risk of discrimination: unemployedpeople; individuals with low incomes andlow level of education; people over 55 years of age; individuals without national health insurance; ethnic minorities.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL PARTICIPANTS IN THE PROCESS OF POST-SPORTS ADAPTATION

2020-12-16T16:02:59+00:00

The subject of the study is the assessment by professional athletes of the participation of institutions in the processes of post-sports adaptation, including government bodies, sports federations and professional teams. As research methods, we used a survey of athletes at the stage of completing a sports career and the results of an analysis of the data obtained during group discussions on the theme “Character, features and difficulties of post-sports adaptation of professional athletes in modern Russia”. 4 discussions were held, 2 in 2016, 2 in 2019, they were attended by International Masters of Sports, as well as Honored Masters of Sports, includingseveral participants of the Olympic Games (sports -boxing, athletics, rock climbing; sea all-around, swimming, judo, sambo, classic wrestling, football, weightlifting). The study revealed that the Sports Federation, State authorities and local governments, sports organizations, teams and other “institutions” provide assistance in the processes of post-sports adaptation in less than 7% of cases.

CULTURAL CONTEXT AS THE BASIS OF ART AND PEDAGOGICAL DIALOGUE

2020-12-16T16:06:43+00:00

In article a thesis was proposed that Art and pedagogical dialogue is the co-creation by “Ego” of many faces, the meeting of subjects with diverse style of thinking and cultural horizons of surrounding art and educational reality that extends considerably the borders of the individual cultural essence view and enables to comprehend them more deeply. Such kind of comprehension can be efficient if based on culturological approach that transmits cultural context. The implementation of this approach will enable to regard art education and development as the process of dialogical environment creation for the search and understanding the cultural senses via cognition of artistic image invariance.

DESIGUALDAD PRIMARIA Y SECUNDARIA EN UNA ECONOMÍA ESTATAL MEXICANA

2020-12-16T16:09:04+00:00

En inicios del siglo XX, la economía Tabasqueña dependía del sector primario, el plátano el producto principal el cual se exportaba a través deempresas extranjeras que compraban la producción. En la región, en los años setenta, medida que el sector petrolero comienza a demandar servicios y manufacturas, y pasa de una economía agrícola y ganadera a una de servicios e industria, sin embargo, inicia la caída de la industria petrolera internacional. En cuanto a los precios, la economía estatal se vio gravemente afectada y crea una desigualdad económica, debido que gran parte de los ingresos por servicios, así como la generación de empleos, dependían en gran parte de este sector. La investigación de enfoque cualitativo, se realiza un análisis documental y se realizan conclusiones sobre el tema se generan conclusiones. Este trabajo analiza los principales informes en materia económica generados por el INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía), así como por la SE (Secretaría de Economía), las tendencias económicasde la entidad en los últimos años y cómo el sector primario se convierte en una alternativa para mitigar el desempleo y la desaceleración económica debido a la caída de la industria petrolera.

APPLYING FIVE FORCES MODEL TO PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

2020-12-16T16:13:25+00:00

The aim of the article is to apply Porter’s model to pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry is chosen as asubject of study due to its complexity and importance. The analysis has critic nature to the universality of the model. We take into account the opinion of other authors, as well as the dynamics of competitiveness analysis towards the new reality. The results of the article confirm the universality of the Porter’s model. The features of pharmaceutical industry are reflected in the model –the demand-side factors are leading over supply-side ones. In core of competitiveness assessment is customer’s satisfaction instead of ability to manufacturing of safe, effective and available pharmaceutical products.

SPANISH EFL TEACHERS AND ICT TOOLS. A SURVEY-BASED ANALYSIS

2020-12-16T16:20:48+00:00

In the last few years, teachers in Spain have experienced numerous changes in their methodology due to the implementation of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) in education. This research provides a survey-based analysis of EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers that assesses their attitude towards digital resources and the current state of affairs in Spain concerning digital tools. Results indicate that despite receiving training in digital skills, teachers still need more support from their educational centres and that the technical equipment available is limited. Besides, they use more often ICT tools for practicing listening and evaluate favourably collaboration among teaching staff and the figure of the ICT coordinator.

DETERMINATION OF TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF MUSEUM EDUCATION: A METAPHOR ANALYSIS STUDY

2020-12-16T16:23:47+00:00

The objective of this study is to identify the metaphors developed by pre-service teachers as regards museum education which is added as an elective course to the curricula of departments related to teaching in the 2018-2019 academic year after gaining popularity in Turkey recently. Thus, the perceptions and perspectives of prospective teachers on museum education, which will have a much more important position in the future education curricula, are revealed. The study group consisted of 60 pre-service teachers. In the study, the metaphors of the pre-service teachers about museum education were determined with a semi-structured form.

FACTORES DE IMPACTO EN LA FORMACIÓN EMPRENDEDORA EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR. CASO CETYS UNIVERSIDAD

2020-12-16T16:27:44+00:00

El fomento de la cultura emprendedora contribuye al desarrollo de la nueva economía, detectando oportunidades para crear modelos de negocios innovadores, competitivos, sustentables y escalables. El papel de las universidades en la formación de proyectos emprendedores es fundamental, porque estudios muestran un impacto positivo de las incubadoras universitarias en las intenciones de los estudiantes para emprender. Bajo este panorama, son pertinentes métodos cualitativos para desarrollar investigación. Tal es el caso de este trabajo,que tuvo como objetivo identificar acciones que han contribuido desde la universidad a la formación emprendedora, a través del análisis de la percepción de estudiantes en una institución privada de educación superior, con la finalidad de delimitar el alcance y aplicabilidad de un modelo que puede haber resultado exitoso en otros países, pero en el caso de México, consideramos necesario revisar y sobre todo explicar. Utilizando un software para análisis cualitativo de datos, encontramos entre los principales hallazgos que existe un impacto positivo respecto a los diferentes factores y elementos de apoyo en la formación emprendedora de los estudiantes. Destacan también la importancia del liderazgo y características personales del emprendedor, porque los estudiantes valoran ampliamente las habilidades blandas que cultivan a lo largo de su formación.

DIGITALIZATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN BULGARIA

2020-12-16T16:31:32+00:00

Changes in the global market lead to a wider expansion of competition between small and medium-sized enterprises based in different countries, including Bulgaria. This requires bulgarian SME’s to take new strategies allowing more competitive advantages andimproving the common market through the introduction of modern techniques such as digitization of the organization. In order to be more easily introduced and fining digitalization in small and medium-sized businesses, managers need to know the main characteristics and legal features of the organization, its objectives, motives and striving. The level of digitization of the enterprise determines the way employees work, technological and manufacturing processes, the speed of service of loyal customers and the deliveries of the offered goods or services. The main objective of this development is aimed at clarifying the nature and specificities of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as analyzing the extent and impact of digitalization on the activities of small and medium-sized enterprises in Bulgaria. The main research methods used in the development are contingent analysis, method of analysis and synthesis, intuitive and systematic approach, questionnaire survey.

POST-DIGITAL PRACTICE AND SPATIAL SPECIFICITY OF MUSIC

2020-12-16T16:33:46+00:00

The specificity of space aesthetics in virtual music is analyzed in the article, we consider the basic features of Homo Virtualis as a unity formed by effect of accessible Infinite and apperception of mostly affective-bodily experience. Hermeneutic potential of Homo Virtualis is provided by uniformed coding of sound qualities inside the digital continuum, transformed shapes of conceptual art. Sound performance of the open is embodied not only through the allusions of Ambient but refined post-digital aesthetics, aesthetics of ‘failure’, methods of ‘glitch’. Implementing philosophical and aesthetical tools we investigate ideology and practice of virtual music-making. Digital artists experience is considered via microsound technology, tele-immersion, as a version of post-digital with orientation on a myth of nature. It is shown that evocation of music and sound unity of Homo Virtualis reveal/bring to life ancient views about magic of the soundscape. Simultaneously, through ontological self-sufficiency of τέχνη in online music the fact that post-digital aesthetics belongs to the digital appears in hypostasis from aesthetical music being into impersonal media-message. Mutual representation of the truth and mystification which is specific to art is transforming into performed myth of involvement. Virtual music causes speculations on essence and limits of music

LA TRANSDISCIPLINARIEDAD DESDE EL MODELO EDUCATIVO: UNA EXPERIENCIA UNIVERSITARIA

2020-12-16T16:37:47+00:00

El modelo educativo de una universidad expresa la propuesta educativa, le otorga identidad y la diferencia de otras universidades, es una visión compartida institucionalmente respecto al tipo de profesional que se pretende formar, cómo se formará, cómo se evaluará y cómo se articularán los diversos componentes del proceso formativo. El artículo tiene como propósito interpretar el proceso de configuración y legitimización social del modelo educativo de la Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Perú, que inició su construcción el año 2016 y actualmente está en la fase de implementación. El método seguido es el estudio de caso, perspectiva metodológica cualitativa, se realizó revisiones documentales, entrevistas, cuestionarios y grupos socializadores. El modelo educativo, para cuya construcción se constituyó un equipo líder, está sustentado en la socioformación, apuesta por la transdisciplinariedad y articula el pre, posgrado y formación continua. La socialización de los avances y del modelo culminado permitió involucrar a la comunidad universitaria y mejorar el modelo. Paulatinamente se viene estructurando el currículo de los programas en base a proyectos formativos, que prevé articular saberes y trabajo colaborativo de estudiantes y docentes en la solución de problemas del contexto para contribuir a mejorar las condiciones de vida de la comunidad.

O DIREITO AO MEIO AMBIENTE ECOLOGICAMENTE EQUILIBRADO, O DESASTRE DE BRUMADINHO NO BRASIL E A CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS

2020-12-16T16:42:46+00:00

O dia 25 de Janeiro de 2019, no Brasil, foi cenário de um dos maiores acidentes ambiental do mundo em questão de minério, com o rompimento da Barragem I, da mina de Feijão, em Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, que ocasionou um total de 333 mortos e desaparecidos, além da exposição de mais de 727 pessoas em risco de vida. Desse modo, à luz do direito humano a um ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, o presente estudo angariou como objetivo evidenciar para uma possível responsabilização do Brasil, perante a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, tendo em vista os precedentes da mesma na tutela ao meio ambiente. Nesse sentido, adotou-se por metodologia uma análise bibliográfica em que foram estudados os julgados da Corte, em ênfase ao caso Claude Reyes e outros Vs. Chile; caso Kawas Fernández Vs. Honduras e; o caso Povo indígena Kichea se Sarayaku Vs. Equador. Nesse diapasão, verificou-se que existem sólidos precedentes jurisprudenciais para embasamento de possível responsabilização internacional do Brasil junto à Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, pelo desrespeito aos direitos consagrados nos compromissos assumidos no campo do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, profundamente relacionados com o direito ao meio ambiente sadio.

CLASSIFICATION OF VIOLATIONS OF THE FIRST BASIC LOGIC PRINCIPLE: JUDICIAL, MANIPULATIVE AND COMIC EFFECTS

2020-12-16T16:46:11+00:00

The articleanalyzes common logical mistakes associated with violation of the fundamental law of logic -the principle of identity. These mistakes are associated with the peculiarities of concepts and judgments, with the rules of the logical operation of definition, with the mistakes of proof: a strawmanfallacy (in Latin: ignoratio elenchi), and withthe removal of a phrase from the context. Mistakes associated with violation of the principle of identity, lead to violations of the construction and understanding of the text, reduce the culture of speech. They are also used to manipulate the consciousness of people or to create a comic effect. The purpose of the work is to consider possible violations of the principle of identity, to build a classification of the identified mistakes, to study their causes and consequences. Violations of the first fundamental law of logic can be caused by various reasons, such as the replacement of one concept by another, the equalization of concepts with different meanings, changing the content of the original concept, changing the meaning of a phrase, the substitution of a thesis, etc. Four types of violations of the first basic principle of logichave been identified: 1) properties of concepts, 2) features of the text, 3) properties of thinking, 4) psychological personal reasons

RANS E COVID-19: O DESAFIO DA (IN)VISIBILIDADE E DO ATENDIMENTO DAS DEMANDAS SOCIAIS, ECONÔMICAS E DE SAÚDE

2020-12-16T16:49:05+00:00

El presente trabajo pretende sumar aportes al análisis e interpretación de las cadenas de accesibilidad. Se parte de la idea de que las inaccesibilidades que se presentan en espacios educativos no solo son ocasionadas por déficits de la infraestructura y/o por la mala aplicación de la norma técnica; por ello, se considera que muchos problemas de accesibilidad derivan de las decisiones tomadas en el diseño y no solo por las respuestas funcionales sino también por los aspectos formales y perceptuales, los cuales inciden en gran medida en la inaccesibilidad de múltiples espacios. Por tanto, en el presente estudio se exploran y describen algunas respuestas de diseño de espacios de Educación Superior que dan cuenta de la incidencia negativa en el uso del espacio para las personas que tienen alguna desventaja física motriz. El método propuesto es de corte cuantitativo y se basa en el análisis socio-espacial de los espacios exteriores que interconectan varias facultades y servicios de las mismas de la Zona Universitaria Poniente de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí. Los resultados derivan de un diagnóstico enriquecido de evidencia tangible y medible, permite una lectura objetiva múltiples situaciones que se presentan y se finaliza con una reflexión sobre esta problemática.

IMPACTO DE LA APLICACIÓN DE LAS NORMAS INTERNACIONALES DE INFORMACIÓN FINANCIERA (NIIFS) EN LAS PEQUEÑAS Y MEDIANAS EMPRESAS (PYMES)

2020-12-16T16:53:01+00:00

La aplicación de las NIIF en los distintos países viene estandarizando la forma de llevar la contabilidad en las distintas empresas, conocer su impacto es de suma importancia. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el impacto de la aplicación de las NIIF en las PYMES, pretendiendo de esta manera aportaruna evidencia sobre el efecto de las NIIF en la situación financiera de las empresas en el Ecuador. Se usó el método deductivo, enfoque cualitativo, nivel de investigación descriptivo-causal. Se consideró una población total de 182.868 empresas, y una muestra de 137 empresas, 65 efectivos de empresas que aplican las NIIF; para ello se aplicó una encuesta. Los resultados muestran que la actividad económica que desarrollan las empresas no determina la aplicación de las NIIF, el efecto de la aplicación de las NIIF está relacionado con los ajustes de los estados financieros, revalorización de activos, posición financiera, cambios tecnológicos, patrimonio y provisión de jubilaciones; existe una alta probabilidad de incrementar el impacto de forma positiva con la reducción o el incremento de las NIIF. Por lo que, existe una alta probabilidad de que la aplicación de las NIIF incremente el impacto positivamente en la situación financiera de las empresas.

CYBERSPACE AND VIRTUAL REALITY AS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY

2020-12-16T17:39:58+00:00

The article attempts to comprehend cyberspace in its relationship with virtual reality. It is shown that due to cyberspace there are rapid changes in public consciousness and moods of people, accelerating social transformations in society. Changes in time boundaries, the emergence of timeless concepts in the information age are also associated with the latest reproductive technologies of the human body, including cloning, which is proposed as virtualization deformations of the space-time continuum in the information age, and as radical transformations of its understanding. The ever-changing cyberspace is the result of a virtualization process. The most impressive achievement of the new information technology is the opportunity for a person who has entered the virtual world, not only to observe and experience, but also to act independently. The question is stated about space-time characteristics of virtual reality and the ways of their ontological substantiation is raised. The main spatio-temporal properties of virtual reality created by cyberspace are highlighted. It is substantiated that virtual reality, formed by new information technologies, contributed to the creation of a network society, and the existence of cyberspace is its basis, which affects all spheres of public life.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE MARKETING ACTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISE IN THE PROCESS OF STRATEGIC MARKETING DECISION-MAKING

2020-12-16T17:43:51+00:00

Knowledge and application of tools for complex analysis and evaluation of the results of the company's marketing activities can be used as a strategic weapon in the competitive struggle. In this regard, the article presents some basic concepts, models, techniques and indicators for the study of marketing performance and its main perspectives. Emphasis is placed on the importance of methodology in the process of strategic marketing decision-making and overall corporate development.

DE VOLTA PARA O FUTURO? A ESCRAVIDÃO CONTEMPORÂNEA E A PRECARIZAÇÃO DAS RELAÇÕES DE TRABALHO

2020-12-16T17:45:58+00:00

Ao longo do tempo da história das civilizações, a convivência social em liberdade foi compartilhada com diversas formas de escravidão sobre os povos. O trabalhador da contemporaneidade pode situar-se preso, condição que vai à contramão da perspectiva do trabalho livre. Contemporaneamente essa relação de submissão e opressão ocasionam distanciamentos de interesses e de convivência. Apesar da pressuposição da abolição da escravatura, no contexto dos estudos organizacionais, sediscutem formas modernas de escravidão, práticas mais ou menos sutis, em que a privação da liberdade pode se dá a partir da precarização das relações de trabalho. Este trabalho de pesquisa objetivou analisar o conceito de escravidão contemporânea a partir da precarização das relações de trabalho tecnologizadas e da vida em sociedade observadas em linguagem fílmica. A metodologia desse estudo se caracteriza uma abordagem qualitativa, onde foi desenvolvido um estudo observacional na perspectiva de espectador não participante a uma narrativa fílmica. Como objeto de investigação reflexiva, utiliza-se um episódio da série Black Mirror, que apresenta situações sociais hodiernas a partir dos impactos sociais da tecnologia.De modo específico, foiorganizado um quadro teórico-analítico do conceito contemporâneo de escravidão a partir de estudos recentes sobre a precarização das relações de trabalho; e descrito a relação da precarização do trabalho como conceito de escravidão contemporânea a partir da observação analítica de uma narrativa fílmica. Como principais resultados têm-se, quea escravidão contemporânea sofre influência da tecnologização do trabalho. Estas relações tornam-se precarizadas, não somente pela fragilidade no âmbito financeiro, mas também em relação ao social. Foi possível observar que o contexto do episódio de Black Mirror,se assemelha ao que é vivenciado atualmente em outros contextos empíricos abordados em textos acadêmicos citados noestudo, já que muitos trabalhadores se vêem obrigados a render-se a um sistema de trabalho, muitas vezes, árduo e mal remunerado.

EMPRESAS E DIREITOS HUMANOS SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DO DIREITO NO BRASIL

2020-12-16T17:49:36+00:00

Nas últimas décadas, a sociedade vem presenciando um incremento da influência econômica e política das empresas no cenário global, de modo que a atividade empresarial se tornou indissociável de diversos impactos no âmbito dos direitos humanos. A respeito do tema, na esfera internacional e interna apenas foram editadas normas que estabelecem a responsabilidade corporativa de respeitar os direitos humanos, cuja adesão pelos agentes econômicos é voluntária. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo analisa a temática de Direitos Humanos e Empresas com foco na eficiência da norma editada pelo Estado brasileiro sobre o assunto, o Decreto 9.571/2018. O instrumento utilizado para tanto é a Análise Econômica do Direito, pois, sob o ponto de vista consequencialista, esta permite a compreensão e a avaliação de normas jurídicas a partir do comportamento dos agentes econômicos. O artigo é monográfico, com técnica de pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica. Serão apresentadas breves considerações sobre a relação entre o fator econômico e os direitos humanos, bem como sobre as normas que tratam do assunto, especialmente os Princípios Orientadores das Nações Unidas sobre Empresas e Direitos Humanose o Decreto 9.571/2018 editado pelo Brasil. Em seguida, utilizando a Análise Econômica do Direito, será examinado o ato normativo brasileiro sob a perspectiva da eficiência, da racionalidade e da cooperação, a fim de aferir se é possível que ocorra a adesão voluntária das corporações às diretrizes nacionais para direitos humanos e empresas e, em caso positivo, se essa circunstância importará em um maior respeito aos direitos humanos pelas corporações. Como resultado, conclui-se que, para um maior engajamento voluntário das empresas na temática de direitos humanos, seria necessária a efetiva implantação dos mecanismos de cooperação

IDENTITY OF BRANDS FOR BUILDING VISUAL NEUROCOMMUNICATION

2020-12-16T17:52:43+00:00

The development of new technologies and the introduction of innovations in branding are associated with the construction of a system of visual neurocommunication, formed on the basis of predictive analytics, including neurophysiological data. In order to isolate the neurometrics, two experiments were conducted. The first is aimed at assessing the visual visibility of a territorial identity in a competitive environment based on an analysis of ascending stimuli, namely, color and shape. The second experiment was aimed at studying the effect of visual stimulus (logo) on visual attention, interest and memorability. The oculomotor behavior of 36 test subjects was recorded in an array of 791 data sets.According to the results of data processing, eleven metrics have been proposed that can be used as a practical toolkit for managing customer attention in an information-rich competitive environment. As a result of the work it is shown that the visual visibility of logos depends on their color, shape and location. Complicated colors attract more attention, they have 25% more fixations, and the subjects show the strongest interest during color transitions and gradient fills, the number of fixations on similar objects is 70% higher.

SOCIOECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION OF CREDIT SUBSIDIES FORAGRARIAN BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

2020-12-16T17:55:18+00:00

In modern agricultural business, an important role is assigned to social and economic criteria of effectiveness of decision-making aimed at regulating the development of agricultural business and the food market. Socio-economic assessment of projects for development of grain production entities with the participation of the state through subsidizing the lending process is necessary for improvement of functioning and growth dynamics of small, medium, and large-sized businesses. The social and economic criteria recommended by the authors are designed to encourage creating of new jobs, improve the standard of living of agribusiness participants and rural residents, and reduce social tension. It is noted that today there is a need in increase of investment activity, including improving quality of credit instruments that are being used. In this regard, the proposed method for determining the optimal level and limits of economic efficiency of credit subsidies for grain business development projects is important for the economy of the agro-industrial complex. All of the above indicates relevance of the research topic chosen by the author. The purpose of the author's research was to develop a methodology for clarifying the quality indicators of credit security aimed at final performance. Scientific developments of domestic and foreign branch experts have been held for methodological basis of the research. For the information base, the author is using references and normative materials, periodical publications, data from Internet sources, logical techniques, and their own calculations. The research methods applied in the article are the following: abstract, monographic, comparative, computational, econometric, and economic. The results of using the method recommended by the author have showed the optimal level of compensation for the Bank credit rate under the current market conditions of 2.6% (with the current refinancing rate of 4.25%). This value will be the most profitable decision for the policy of state support, since it provides the most effective combination of factors of the tax burden (budget revenues), investment activity, the benefits of running a grain business, and achieving social and economic goals.

STUDY ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF EARLY MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS INVOLVING VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS AND ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY

2020-12-16T17:57:53+00:00

Inclusive Education in Brazil guarantees that all students have equal conditions to access school enrollment. In this context, visual impairment is one of the disabilitiesfound in school reality. This article presents an excerpt from a doctoral investigation to reflect on the process of blind and/or low vision students’ construction of earlymathematical concepts with the use of Assistive Technology (AT). From a qualitative approach, the research was founded on the Discursive Textual Analysis, based on observations and interventions carried out during the attendance offive elementary school studentsby the Specialized Educational Service (SES). This work reports the different stages the participantsunderwent to understand themathematical concepts that involve counting, recognition of quantities, numerical symbols, besides basic mathematical operations. The results suggestthat visually impaired childrenhavethe same potential as sighted childrenconcerningthe construction of the concept of number. However, it is essential to use ATsand adapted materials to make this concept effective.

PARÁMETROS EN IMPRESIÓN 3D (FMD) Y SU INFLUENCIA SOBRE LA RUGOSIDAD SUPERFICIAL DE POLÍMEROS

2020-12-16T18:00:36+00:00

Uno de los métodos más populares para la fabricación de nuevos productos es la impresión por material añadido FDM (Fusion Deposition Modeling). Sin embargo, pese a su versatilidad de fabricación y popularidad en el diseño de prototipos la superficie final no tiene un acabado ideal, presenta rugosidades notables que pueden ser determinantes dependiendo de la aplicabilidad del prototipo.

SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LA OFERTA Y LA DEMANDA DE SERVICIOS GRÁFICOS: LA IMPRENTA COMO SOPORTE PARA EL DESARROLLO PRODUCTIVO DE LOS SECTORES PRIORITARIOS DE LA PROVINCIA DE TUNGURAHUA

2020-12-16T18:03:48+00:00

La presente investigación forma parte de un proyecto encaminado a la búsqueda de calidad en los procesos de la industria gráfica, para la obtención de productos y servicios de impresión que garanticen la presencia de los sectores productivos de Tungurahua en mercados nacionales e internacionales. La metodología para determinar la oferta y demanda de servicios gráficos parte de identificar imprentas y empresas de sectores prioritarios que requieren de estos servicios. Se recolectó información con laayuda de encuestas basadas en la gestión de diseño y sirvieron para identificar los principales servicios gráficos ofertados y requerimientos de las empresas para sus productos, así mismo, se identifica el uso de contrato para los proyectos y la presenciade diseñadores, tanto en las imprentas, como en las empresas, donde garanticen el debido proceso en etapas creativas y de preproducción. Los resultados plantean discrepancias entre lo requerido por las empresas y lo que las imprentas mencionan que producen, esto nos lleva a concluir que las empresas no aprovechan el potencial de la imprenta y los servicios gráficos, mientras que, las imprentas aún se enfocan en productos poco representativos para la comunicación y promoción de la imagen de la empresa y de sus productos.